Cobra 是一个 Golang 下的简单易用的命令行应用工具库，类似于之前提到的 GCli。

安装 cobra 命令行程序

使用 go install 安装即可：

$ go get github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra && go install github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra

执行完上述命令后会在 $GOPATH/bin 目录下生成一个名为 cobra 的命令行程序，保证 $GOPATH/bin 目录存在于 PATH 环境变量下即可直接使用该命令：

$ cobra 
Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.

Usage:
  cobra [command]

Available Commands:
  add         Add a command to a Cobra Application
  completion  Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell
  help        Help about any command
  init        Initialize a Cobra Application

Flags:
  -a, --author string    author name for copyright attribution (default "YOUR NAME")
      --config string    config file (default is $HOME/.cobra.yaml)
  -h, --help             help for cobra
  -l, --license string   name of license for the project
      --viper            use Viper for configuration

Use "cobra [command] --help" for more information about a command.

初始化应用目录结构

创建应用目录：

$ mkdir cobra_t
$ cd cobra_t/
$ go mod init zze326/cobra_t
$ cobra init

执行完上述命令后，应用目录结构如下：

$ tree 
.
├── LICENSE
├── cmd
│   └── root.go
├── go.mod
├── go.sum
└── main.go

1 directory, 5 files

运行该程序可以看到对 cobra 的说明介绍：

$ go run main.go 
A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains
examples and usage of using your application. For example:

Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.

添加自定义命令

添加自定义命令可以通过 cobra add <cmd_name> 来完成，比如：

cobra add serve
cobra add config
cobra add create -p 'configCmd'

上述三行命令就会创建三个自定义命令，可以注意到第三行的命令用到了 -p 选项，并指定其值为 configCmd，这表示将 create 命令添加为 config 命令的子命令。

由于 config 命令在代码中的变量字面量形式为 configCmd，所以是 -p configCmd 而不是 -p config。

此时 cmd 目录为每个命令添加了一个 go 文件，如下：

$ ls cmd/
config.go create.go root.go   serve.go

新添加的几个命令的按添加顺序执行方式分别如下：

$ go run main.go serve
serve called
$ go run main.go config
config called
$ go run main.go config create
create called

示例

下面新建一个名为 person 命令，在执行该命令时可通过选项参数传入姓名、年龄、性别。

新建子命令：

$ cobra add person

修改生成的 person.go 文件：

/*
Copyright © 2022 NAME HERE <EMAIL ADDRESS>

*/
package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)

// personCmd represents the person command
var personCmd = &cobra.Command{
	Use:   "person",
	Short: "A brief description of your command",
	Long: `A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples
and usage of using your command. For example:

Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.`,
	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
		name := cmd.Flag("name").Value
		age := cmd.Flag("age").Value
		isMale := cmd.Flag("male").Value
		fmt.Println(name)
		fmt.Println(age)
		fmt.Println(isMale)
	},
}

func init() {
	rootCmd.AddCommand(personCmd)

	// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.

	// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command
	// and all subcommands, e.g.:
	// personCmd.PersistentFlags().String("foo", "", "A help for foo")

	// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command
	// is called directly, e.g.:
	personCmd.Flags().StringP("name", "n", "", "姓名")
	personCmd.Flags().Int8P("age", "a", 0, "年龄")
	personCmd.Flags().BoolP("male", "m", false, "是否是男性")
}

运行程序：

# 短格式选项
$ go run main.go person -n zze -a 25 -m
zze
25
true

# 长格式选项
$ go run main.go person --name zze --age 35 --male
zze
35
true

参考：

• https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/master/cobra/README.md